Organic anti-reflective polymer and method for manufacturing thereof

ABSTRACT

Polymers are disclosed having the following formula 1 or 2:                                      
     Polymers of the present invention can be used as an ARC material useful for submicrolithography processes using 248 nm KrF, 193 nm ArF and 157 nm F 2  lasers. The polymers contain a chromophore substituent that exhibits sufficient absorbance at the wavelengths useful for the submicrolithography process. The ARC prevents back reflection of light from lower layers and the alteration of the CD by diffracted and reflected light from the lower layers. The ARC also eliminates standing waves and reflective notching due to the optical properties of lower layers on the wafer and to changes in the thickness of the photosensitive film applied thereon, thereby resulting in the stable formation of ultrafine patterns suitable for 64M, 256M, 1G, 4G and 16G DRAMs and a great improvement in the production yield.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is related to Korean Patent Application No. 1999-23382 filed Jun. 22, 1999, and takes priority from that date.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an organic anti-reflective coating (“ARC”) material which allows the stable formation of ultrafine patterns suitable for 64M, 256M, 1G, 4G and 16G DRAM semiconductor devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to an organic anti-reflective coating material which contains a chromophore with high absorbance at the wavelengths useful for submicrolithography. A layer of said anti-reflective material can prevent the back reflection of light from lower layers of the semiconductor chip, as well as eliminate the standing waves caused by light and thickness changes of the photoresist layer itself, while conducting a submicrolithographic process using a 248 nm KrF, 193 nm ArF or 157 nm F₂ laser. Also, the present invention is concerned with an anti-reflective coating composition comprising such a material, an anti-reflective coating made therefrom and a preparation method thereof.

2. Description of the Prior Art

During a submicrolithographic process, one of the most important processes for fabricating highly integrated semiconductor devices, there inevitably occur standing waves and reflective notching due to the optical properties of lower layers on the wafer and to changes in the thickness of the photosensitive film applied thereon. In addition, the submicrolithographic process generally suffers from a problem of the CD (critical dimension) being altered by the diffracted light and reflected light from the lower layers.

To overcome these problems, it has been proposed to introduce a film, called an anti-reflective coating, between the substrate and the photosensitive film to prevent light reflection from the lower layer. Generally, anti-reflective coatings are classified into “organic” and “inorganic” by the materials used and into “absorption” and “interference” by the mechanisms involved. In microlithographic processes using an I-line light source (365 nm in wavelength), inorganic anti-reflective coatings are usually used, for example TiN or amorphous carbon coatings are applied when advantage is taken of an absorption mechanism, and SiON coatings are applied when an interference mechanism is desired. The SiON anti-reflective coatings are also adapted for submicrolithographic processes which uses KrF light sources.

Recently, extensive and intensive research has been and continues to be directed to the application of organic anti-reflective coatings for such submicrolithography. In view of the present development status, organic anti-reflective coatings, to be useful, must satisfy the following fundamental requirements:

First, peeling of the photoresist layer due to dissolution in solvents should not take place when conducting a lithographic process with an organic anti-reflective coating. In this regard, the organic anti-reflective coating materials have to be designed so that their cured films have a cross-linked structure without producing by-products.

Second, there should be no migration of chemical materials, such as amines or acids, into and from the anti-reflective coatings. If acids are migrated from the coatings, the photosensitive patterns are undercut while the egress of bases, such as amines, causes a “footing” phenomena.

Third, faster etch rates should be realized in the anti-reflective coatings than in the upper photosensitive film, allowing an etching process to be conducted smoothly with the photosensitive film serving as a mask.

Finally, the organic anti-reflective coatings should be as thin as possible while playing an excellent role in preventing light reflection.

As varied as anti-reflective coatings are, those which are satisfactorily applied to submicrolithographic processes using ArF light have not been found, thus far. As for inorganic anti-reflective coatings, there have been reported no materials which can control interference at the wavelength of ArF light, that is, 193 nm. As a result, active research has been conducted to develop organic materials which can form superb anti-reflective coatings. In fact, in most cases of submicrolithography, the coating of photosensitive layers is necessarily accompanied by the coating of organic anti-reflective layers which prevent the standing waves and reflective notching occurring upon light exposure and eliminate the influence of back diffraction and reflective light from lower layers. Accordingly, the development of such anti-reflective coating materials showing high absorption properties at specific wavelengths is one of the hottest and most urgent issues in the art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention overcomes the problems encountered in the prior art and provides a novel organic compound which can be used in an anti-reflective coating for submicrolithography processes using 193 nm ArF and 248 nm KrF lasers.

The present invention provides a method for preparing an organic compound which prevents the diffusion and reflection caused by light exposure in submicrolithography process.

The present invention further provides an anti-reflective coating composition containing such a diffusion/reflection-preventive compound and a preparation method therefor.

The present invention also provides an anti-reflective coating formed from such a composition and a preparation method therefor.

The present invention pertains to acrylate polymer resins (also referred to herein as “polymers” or “resins”) which can be used as an anti-reflective coating. The polymer resins contain a chromophore which shows high absorbance of light having wavelengths of 198 nm and 248 nm. In addition, a cross-linking mechanism between alcohol groups and other functional groups is introduced into the polymer resins, so that a cross-linking reaction takes place when the coatings of the polymer resins are “hard baked,” i.e., heated at a temperature of 100-300° C. for 10-1,000 seconds. As a result, a great improvement can be effected in the formation, tightness and dissolution properties of the anti-reflective coatings. Particularly, maximal cross-linking reaction efficiency and storage stability are realized in the practice of the present invention.

The anti-reflective coating resins of the present invention have superior solubility in all hydrocarbon solvents, in order to form a coating composition, yet are of such high solvent resistance after hard baking that they are not dissolved in any solvent at all. These advantages allow the resins to be coated without any problem to form an anti-reflective coating which prevents undercutting and footing problems when images are formed on the overlying photosensitive layer. Furthermore, coatings made of the acrylate polymers of the invention are higher in etch rate than the photosensitive film coatings, thereby improving the etch selection ratio therebetween.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The acrylate polymer resins according to the present invention are represented by the following chemical formulas 1 and 2:

wherein,

R_(a),R_(b),R_(c) R_(d) each is hydrogen or a methyl group;

R₁ to R₉, which are the same or different, each represents hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxymethyl or a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched C₁-C₅ alkyl or alkoxyalkyl;

w, x, y and z each is a mole fraction in the range from 0.01 to 0.99; and

m and n each is an integer of 1 to 5.

The polymers of the present invention are designed to show high absorbance at 193 nm and 248 nm wavelengths. To accomplish this result, a chromophore substituent which is able to absorb light at a wavelength of 193 nm as well as 248 nm is grafted to the backbone of the polymer.

The polymer of chemical formula 1 can be prepared by polymerizing a 9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-type monomer, a hydroxy alkyl acrylate-type monomer, and a glycidyl acrylate-type monomer with the aid of an initiator in a solvent. Each of the monomers has a mole fraction ranging from 0.01 to 0.99, preferably 0.1 to 0.9.

The polymer of chemical formula 2 can be prepared by polymerizing a 9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-type monomer, a hydroxy alkyl acrylate-type monomer, a glycidyl acrylate-type monomer and a methyl methacrylate type monomer at a mole fraction of 0.01 to 0.99 for each monomer, preferably 0.1 to 0.9.

For initiating the polymerization reaction to prepare the polymers of the chemical formulas 1 and 2, ordinary radical initiators may be used, preferably one selected from the group consisting of 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), acetylperoxide, laurylperoxide and t-butylperoxide. Also, ordinary solvents may be used for the polymerization, preferably a solvent selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, toluene, benzene, methylethyl ketone and dioxane.

Preferably, the polymerization of the polymers of chemical formulas 1 and 2 is carried out at 50°-90° C.

The present invention also pertains to an anti-reflective coating composition which comprises a polymer of chemical formula 1 or 2 in combination with at least one additive selected from the group consisting of the anthracene derivatives shown in Table 1, below:

TABLE 1

Chemical Formula 3 Chemical Formula 4 Chemical Formula 5

Chemical Formula 6 Chemical Formula 7 Chemical Formula 8

Chemical Formula 9 Chemical Formula 10 Chemical Formula 11

Chemical Formula 12 Chemical Formula 13 Chemical Formula 14

Chemical Formula 15 Chemical Formula 16 Chemical Formula 17

Chemical Formula 18 Chemical Formula 19 Chemical Formula 20

In Table 1, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄ and R₁₅ independently represent hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxymethyl, or substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched C₁-C₅ alkyl or alkoxyalkyl.

An anti-reflective coating composition according to the present invention may be prepared by adding a compound selected from Table 1, at an amount of 0.1 to 30% by weight, to a solution of a polymer of the chemical formula 1 or 2 in a solvent, and then filtering the resultant solution. This coating composition is applied on a wafer that is then hard-baked to form a cross-linked anti-reflective coating. Semiconductor devices can then be fabricated therefrom.

Ordinary organic solvents may be used in preparing the composition, with preference given to one selected from the group consisting of ethyl 3-ethoxy propionate, methyl 3-methoxy propionate, cyclohexanone and propyleneglycol methyletheracetate. The solvent is preferably used at an amount of 200 to 5000% by weight based on the weight of the anti-reflective coating polymer resin used.

It has been found that anti-reflective coatings of the present invention exhibit high performance in submicrolithographic processes using 248 nm KrF, 193 nm ArF and 157 nm F₂ lasers as light sources. The same is also true when electron beams, EUV (extremely ultraviolet) and ion beams are used as light sources.

The following examples are set forth to illustrate more clearly the principles and practice of this invention to one skilled in the art. As such, they are not intended to limit the invention, but are illustrative of certain preferred embodiments.

EXAMPLE I Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(2-hydroxy ethylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate] Copolymer Synthesis of 9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate

0.5 moles of 9-anthracenealdehydeoxim and 0.5 moles of pyridine are dissolved in tetrahydrofuran(THF) and then, 0.5 moles of acryloylchloride are added. After the completion of the reaction, the reaction solution is filtered, and extraction is conducted with ethyl acetate. The extract is washed many times with distilled water and dried by distillation under vacuum, to give 9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate, represented by the following chemical formula 21. The yield is 80%.

Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.5 moles of the 9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate synthesized above, 0.3 moles of 2-hydroxyethylacrylate, and 0.2 moles of glycidylmethacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring. Thereafter, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 22. The yield is 81%.

EXAMPLE II Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.5 moles of the 9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate synthesized in Example I, 0.3 moles of 3-hydroxypropylacrylate, and 0.2 moles of glycidylmethacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring. Thereafter, in the presence of 0. 1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 23. The yield is 78%.

EXAMPLE III Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.5 moles of 9-anthraldehydeoxim acrylate, 0.3 moles of 2-hydroxyethylacrylate, and 0.2 moles of glycidylacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring. Thereafter, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitates is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 24. The yield is 80%.

EXAMPLE IV Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.5 moles of 9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate, 0.3 moles of 3-hydroxypropylacrylate, and 0.2 moles of glycidylacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring. Thereafter, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 25. The yield is 80%.

EXAMPLE V Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(4-hydroxybutylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.5 moles of 9-anthraldehydeoxim acrylate, 0.3 moles of 4-hydroxybutylacrylate, and 0.2 moles of glycidylacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring. Thereafter, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(4-hydroxybutylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 26. The yield is 81%.

EXAMPLE VI Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoxim methacrylate-(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate] Copolymer Synthesis of 9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate

0.5 moles of 9-anthracene aldehydeoxim and 0.5 moles of pyridine are dissolved in THF and then, 0.5 moles of methacryloyl chloride are added. After completion of the reaction, this reaction solution is filtered, and extraction is conducted with ethyl acetate. The extract is washed many times with distilled water and dried by distillation under vacuum, to give 9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate, represented by the following chemical formula 27. The yield is 82%.

Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.5 moles of the 9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate synthesized above, 0.3 moles of 2-hydroxyethylacrylate, and 0.2 moles of glycidylmethacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring. Thereafter, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 28. The yield is 78%.

EXAMPLE VII Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(3-hydroxypropyl acrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.5 moles of the 9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate synthesized in Example VI, 0.3 moles of 3-hydroxypropylacrylate, and 0.2 moles of glycidylmethacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring, after which, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 29. The yield is 81%.

EXAMPLE VIII Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(4-hydroxybutyl acrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.5 moles of the 9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate, 0.3 moles of 4-hydroxybutylacrylate and, 0.2 moles of glycidylmethacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring, after which, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(4-hydroxybutylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 30. The yield is 80%.

EXAMPLE IX Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate)-glycidylacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.5 moles of the 9-anthraldehyde oximmethacrylate, 0.3 moles of 2-hydroxyethylacrylate, and 0.2 moles of glycidylacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring, after which, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 31. The yield is 78%.

EXAMPLE X Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(3-hydroxypropyl acrylate)-glycidylacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.5 moles of the 9-anthraldehyde oximmethacrylate, 0.3 moles of 3-hydroxypropylacrylate, and 0.2 moles of glycidylacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring, after which, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 32. The yield is 80%.

EXAMPLE XI Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(4-hydroxybutyl acrylate)-glycidylacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.5 moles of the 9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate, 0.3 moles of 4-hydroxybutylacrylate, and 0.2 moles of glycidylacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring, after which, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(4-hydroxybutylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 33. The yield is 80%.

EXAMPLE XII Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate-methylmethacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.3 moles of 9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate, 0.3 moles of 2-hydroxyethylacrylate, 0.2 moles of glycidylmethacrylate, and 0.2 moles of methylmethacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring. Thereafter, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate-methylmethacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 34 The yield is 80%.

EXAMPLE XIII Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate-methylmethacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.3 moles of 9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate, 0.3 moles of 3-hydroxypropylacrylate, 0.2 moles of glycidylmethacrylate, and 0.2 moles of methylmethacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring. Thereafter, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75 C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate-methylmethacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 35. The yield is 79%.

EXAMPLE XIV Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate-methylmethacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.3 moles of 9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate, 0.3 moles of 2-hydroxyethylacrylate, 0.2 moles of glycidylacrylate, and 0.2 moles of methylmethacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring. Thereafter, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate-methylmethacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 36. The yield is 81%.

EXAMPLE XV Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate-methylmethacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.3 moles of 9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate, 0.3 moles of 3-hydroxypropylacrylate, 0.2 moles of glycidylacrylate, and 0.2 moles of methylmethacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring. Thereafter, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate-methylmethacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 37. The yield is 79%.

EXAMPLE XVI Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(4-hydroxybutylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate-methylmethacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.3 moles of 9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate, 0.3 moles of 4-hydroxybutylacrylate, 0.2 moles of glycidylacrylate, and 0.2 moles of methylmethacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring. Thereafter, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(4-hydroxybutylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate-methylmethacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 38. The yield is 80%.

EXAMPLE XVII Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate-methylmethacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.3 moles of 9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate, 0.3 moles of 2-hydroxyethylacrylate, 0.2 moles of glycidylmethacrylate, and 0.2 moles of methylmethacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring. Thereafter, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate-methylmethacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 39. The yield is 80%.

EXAMPLE XVIII Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate-methylmethacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.3 moles of 9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate, 0.3 moles of 3-hydroxypropylacrylate, 0.2 moles of glycidylmethacrylate, and 0.2 moles of methylmethacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring. Thereafter, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate-methylmethacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 40. The yield is 78%.

EXAMPLE XIX Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(4-hydroxybutylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate-methylmethacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.3 moles of 9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate, 0.3 moles of 4-hydroxybutylacrylate, 0.2 moles of glycidylmethacrylate, and 0.2 moles of methylmethacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring. Thereafter, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(4-hydroxybutylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate-methylmethacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 41. The yield is 81%.

EXAMPLE XX Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate-methylmethacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.3 moles of 9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate, 0.3 moles of 2-hydroxyethylacrylate, 0.2 moles of glycidylacrylate, and 0.2 moles of methylmethacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring. Thereafter, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate-methylmethacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 42. The yield is 79%.

EXAMPLE XXI Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate-methylmethacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.3 moles of 9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate, 0.3 moles of 3-hydroxypropylacrylate, 0.2 moles of glycidylacrylate, and 0.2 moles of methylmethacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring. Thereafter, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate-methylmethacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 43. The yield is 81%.

EXAMPLE XXII Synthesis of Poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(4-hydroxybutylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate-methylmethacrylate] Copolymer

In a 500-ml round-bottom flask are placed 0.3 moles of 9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate, 0.3 moles of 4-hydroxybutylacrylate, 0.2 moles of glycidylacrylate, and 0.2 moles of methylmethacrylate. This mixture is added to 300 g of separately prepared THF with stirring. Thereafter, in the presence of 0.1-3 g of AIBN, the reaction solution is subjected to polymerization at 60°-75° C. for 5-20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the polymerization, the solution is precipitated in ethyl ether or normal-hexane and the precipitate is filtered and dried to produce a poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(4-hydroxybutylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate-methylmethacrylate] copolymer, a polymer according to the present invention, represented by the following chemical formula 44. The yield is 80%.

EXAMPLE XXIII Preparation of Anti-Reflective Coating

In 200-5,000% by weight of propyleneglycol methylether acetate (PGMEA) are dissolved a resin having a chemical structure of chemical formula 1 or 2, obtained in any of Examples I to XXII. This solution, alone or in combination with 0.1-30% by weight of at least one additive selected from the compounds of chemical formulas 3 to 20 in Table 1, is filtered, coated on a wafer, and hard-baked at 100°-300° C. for 10-1,000 sec. On the anti-reflective coating thus formed, a photosensitive material may be applied and imaged to form ultrafine patterns in the conventional manner.

As described hereinbefore, the anti-reflective coatings of the present invention, which are obtained from a polymer resin of chemical formula 1 or 2, alone or in combination with an additive of one of the chemical formulas 3 to 20, contains chromophore substituents sufficient to exhibit absorbance at the wavelengths useful for submicrolithography. Thus, the anti-reflective coatings of the present invention can play an excellent role in forming ultrafine patterns. For example, these ARCs can prevent the back reflection from lower layers of the semiconductor element, as well as eliminate standing waves caused by light and thickness changes of the photoresist itself during a submicrolithographic process using a 248 nm KrF, 193 nm ArF or 157 nm F₂ laser. This results in the stable formation of ultrafine patterns suitable for 64M, 256M, 1G, 4G and 16G DRAM semiconductor devices and a great improvement in the production yield.

Although the invention has been described in detail by referring to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood that various modifications can be made within the spirit and scope of the invention. The invention is not to be limited except as set forth in the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A polymer represented by the following chemical formula 1:

wherein, R_(a), R_(b) and R_(c) each is hydrogen or a methyl group; R₁ to R₉, which are the same or different, each represents hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxymethyl, a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched C₁-C₅ alkyl or alkoxyalkyl; w, x and y each is a mole fraction in the range from 0.01 to 0.99; and m and n each is an integer of 1 to
 5. 2. A polymer as set forth in claim 1, wherein R_(a) and R_(b) each is hydrogen, R_(c) is a methyl group, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y is 0.5:0.3:0.2 and m and n are 2 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate].
 3. A polymer as set forth in claim 1, wherein R_(a) and R_(b) each is hydrogen, R_(c) is a methyl group, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y is 0.5:0.3:0.2 and m and n are 3 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate].
 4. A polymer as set forth in claim 1, wherein R_(a), R_(b) and R_(c) each is hydrogen, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y is 0.5:0.3:0.2 and m and n are 2 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate].
 5. A polymer as set forth in claim 1, wherein R_(a), R_(b) and R_(c) each is hydrogen, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y is 0.5:0.3:0.2 and m and n are 3 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate].
 6. A polymer as set forth in claim 1, wherein R_(a), R_(b) and R_(c) each is hydrogen, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y is 0.5:0.3:0.2 and m and n are 4 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(4-hydroxybutylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate].
 7. A polymer as set forth in claim 1, wherein R_(a) and R_(c) each is a methyl group, R_(b) is a hydrogen, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y is 0.5:0.3:0.2 and m and n are 2 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate].
 8. A polymer as set forth in claim 1, wherein R_(a) and R_(c) each is a methyl group, R_(b) is a hydrogen, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y is 0.5:0.3:0.2 and m and n are 3 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate].
 9. A polymer as set forth in claim 1, wherein R_(a) and R_(c) each is a methyl group, R_(b) is a hydrogen, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y is 0.5:0.3:0.2 and m and n are 4 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(4-hydroxybutylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate].
 10. A polymer as set forth in claim 1, wherein R_(a) is a methyl group, R_(b) and R_(c) each is a hydrogen, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y is 0.5:0.3:0.2 and m and n are 2 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate].
 11. A polymer as set forth in claim 1, wherein R_(a) is a methyl group, R_(b) and R_(c) each is a hydrogen, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y is 0.5:0.3:0.2 and m and n are 3 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate].
 12. A polymer as set forth in claim 1, wherein R_(a) is a methyl group, R_(b) and R_(c) each is a hydrogen, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y is 0.5:0.3:0.2 and m and n are 4 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(4-hydroxybutylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate].
 13. A method of preparing a polymer according to claim 1, which comprises polymerizing a 9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-type monomer, a hydroxyalkylacrylate-type monomer and a glycidyl acrylate-type monomer with the aid of an initiator in a solvent.
 14. A method as set forth in claim 13, wherein the molar ratio of 9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate type monomer:hydroxyalkylacrylate type monomer:glycidylacrylate type monomer is in a range of 0.1-0.99:0.1-0.99:0.1-0.99.
 15. A method as set forth in claim 13, wherein the initiator is selected from the group consisting of 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile, acetylperoxide, laurylperoxide, and t-butylperoxide.
 16. A method as set forth in claim 13, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, toluene, benzene, methylethyl ketone and dioxane.
 17. A method as set forth in claim 13, wherein the polymerization is carried out at a temperature of 50°-90° C.
 18. A polymer represented by the following chemical formula 2:

wherein, R_(a), R_(b), R_(c) and R_(d) each is hydrogen or a methyl group; R₁ to R₉ each represents hydrogen, hydroxy, methoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxymethyl, a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl or alkoxyalkyl of C₁-C₅; w, x, y and z each is a mole fraction in the range from 0.01 to 0.99; and m and n each is an integer of 1 to
 5. 19. A polymer as set forth in claim 18, wherein R_(a), R_(b) each is hydrogen, R_(c) and R_(d) each is a methyl group, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y:z is 0.3:0.3:0.2:0.2 and m and n are 2 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate-methylmethacrylate].
 20. A polymer as set forth in claim 18, wherein R_(a), R_(b) each is hydrogen, R_(c) and R_(d) each is a methyl group, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y:z is 0.3:0.3:0.2:0.2 and m and n are 3 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate-methylmethacrylate].
 21. A polymer as set forth in claim 18, wherein R_(a), R_(b), R_(c) each is hydrogen, and R_(d) is a methyl group, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y:z is 0.3:0.3:0.2:0.2 and m and n are 2 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate-methylmethacrylate].
 22. A polymer as set forth in claim 18, wherein R_(a), R_(b), R_(c) each is hydrogen, and R_(d) is a methyl group, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y:z is 0.3:0.3:0.2:0.2 and m and n are 3 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate-methylmethacrylate].
 23. A polymer as set forth in claim 18, wherein R_(a), R_(b), R_(c) each is hydrogen, and R_(d) is a methyl group, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y:z is 0.3:0.3:0.2:0.2 and m and n are 4 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-(4-hydroxybutylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate-methylmethacrylate].
 24. A polymer as set forth in claim 18, wherein R_(a), R_(c), R_(d) each is a methyl group, and R_(b) is a hydrogen, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y:z is 0.3:0.3:0.2:0.2 and m and n are 2 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate-methylmethacrylate].
 25. A polymer as set forth in claim 18, wherein R_(a), R_(c), R_(d) each is a methyl group, and R_(b) is a hydrogen, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y:z is 0.3:0.3:0.2:0.2 and m and n are 3 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate-methylmethacrylate].
 26. A polymer as set forth in claim 18, wherein R_(a), R_(c), R_(d) each is a methyl group, and R_(b) is a hydrogen, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y:z is 0.3:0.3:0.2:0.2 and m and n are 4 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(4-hydroxybutylacrylate)-glycidylmethacrylate-methylmethacrylate].
 27. A polymer as set forth in claim 18, wherein R_(a) and R_(d) each is a methyl group, and R_(b) and R_(c) each is hydrogen, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y:z is 0.3:0.3:0.2:0.2 and m and n are 2 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(2-hydroxyethylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate-methylmethacrylate].
 28. A polymer as set forth in claim 18, wherein R_(a) and R_(d) each is a methyl group, and R_(b) and R_(c) each is hydrogen, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y:z is 0.3:0.3:0.2:0.2 and m and n are 3 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(3-hydroxypropylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate-methylmethacrylate].
 29. A polymer as set forth in claim 18, wherein R_(a) and R_(d) each is a methyl group, and R_(b) and R_(c) each is hydrogen, R₁ to R₉ each is hydrogen, the mole ratio of w:x:y:z is 0.3:0.3:0.2:0.2 and m and n are 4 and 1, respectively, thereby providing poly[9-anthraldehydeoximmethacrylate-(4-hydroxybutylacrylate)-glycidylacrylate-methylmethacrylate].
 30. A method for preparing a polymer according to claim 18, which comprises polymerizing a 9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-type monomer, a hydroxyalkylacrylate-type monomer, a glycidylacrylate-type monomer and a methylmethacrylate monomer with the aid of an initiator in a solvent.
 31. A method as set forth in claim 30, wherein the molar ratio of 9-anthraldehydeoximacrylate-type monomer:hydroxyalkylacrylate-type monomer: glycidyl acrylate-type monomer: methylmethacrylate monomer is in a range of 0.1-0.99:0.1-0.99:0.1-0.99:0.1-0.99.
 32. A method as set forth in claim 30, wherein the initiator is selected from the group consisting of 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile, acetylperoxide, laurylperoxide, and t-butylperoxide.
 33. A method as set forth in claim 30, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, toluene, benzene, methylethyl ketone and dioxane.
 34. A method as set forth in claim 30, wherein the polymerization is carried out at a temperature of 50°-90° C. 